爆生气体对邻近硐室背爆侧预制裂纹影响机理

采用动态焦散线实验方法,研究爆炸荷载作用下邻近硐室背爆侧裂纹扩展规律时发现,伴随爆生气体释放出现的弧线型应力集中区是爆生气体引起的主应力差峰值位置,与背爆侧裂纹的扩展有较大的关联。实验研究表明:炸药爆炸后,产生的应力波首先作用于硐室背爆侧裂纹,随后爆生气体产生的准静态应力作用于裂纹,对裂纹的扩展起主要作用,而卸载波主要作用于裂纹扩展后期,使裂纹出现翘曲现象。当弧线型应力集中区接近扩展中的裂纹时,裂纹扩展速度达到峰值,约等于弧线型应力集中区的移动速度,之后,裂纹尖端与弧线型应力集中区的相对距离基本不变,当该应力集中区越过裂纹尖端,裂纹扩展速度逐渐减小,最终止裂。裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子与裂纹扩展速度具有相似的变化规律,峰值动态应力强度因子出现在弧线型应力集中区越过裂纹尖端之前。基于该发现进行的研究证实了爆生气体对邻近巷道裂纹扩展的主导作用,深化了爆炸荷载对邻近巷道影响机理的研究。     

基于改进EEMD-SE-ARMA的超短期风功率组合预测模型

针对风力发电功率时间序列具有非线性和非平稳性的特性,提出了一种改进的集成经验模态分解(Modified Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,MEEMD)-样本熵(Sample Entropy,SE)-ARMA的风电功率超短期组合预测模型。将EEMD分解中添加的白噪声信号改为添加绝对值相等的正负两组白噪声信号,并将MEEMD分解过程中的EMD步骤使用端点延拓和分段三次埃尔米特插值进行改进,形成一种改进的EEMD分解算法(即MEEMD)。利用MEEMD-SE将风力发电功率时间序列分解为一系列复杂度差异明显的风电子序列;针对每一个不同的子序列建立适当的ARMA预测模型;将各预测分量进行叠加重构,得到最终的风电功率预测值。通过算例分析及与其他几种预测模型预测结果的对比,证明MEEMD-SE-ARMA组合预测模型可以有效地提高风力发电功率超短期预测的精度。     

基于变权物元可拓模型的二次设备状态综合评价

针对二次设备状态评价的特点,提出了基于变权物元可拓的二次设备状态综合评价模型。结合物元可拓理论,确立二次设备的状态信息经典域,建立状态参量物元矩阵。同时,充分考虑权重确定过程的主观性,运用变权理论对各评价指标的权重进行修正,并比较了三种权重确定方法。结果表明,变权法对异常指标具有放大作用,更加符合设备管理要求。最后引入贴近度函数对二次设备的状态进行综合评判。以某220 kV变电站某二次装置为例,评价结果显示设备处于注意状态,偏向异常状态的程度较大,结果基本符合设备实际运行情况,从而验证了该方法的正确性。     

The Role of Farm Advisors in Multifunctional Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Three Danish Areas, 1995 and 2008

This study investigates the influence of farm advisors on farmers’ decisions regarding ‘Multifunctional landscape commons’, a concept covering environmental and landscape values that benefit the public but which depend on farmers’ management practices. The influence of advisors is analysed by combining data about the source of advice with evidence of land use and landscape changes and participation in subsidy schemes. The study compares three agricultural areas in Denmark. Structured interviews were carried out with all farmers possessing more than 2 ha land in 1995–6 and in 2008. Vertical, production and business-oriented advisory services predominate, together with legal and organisational spatial competence networks. A new group of hobby farmers and pensioned farmers tend not to be included in traditional advisory networks, leaving them to carry out landscape changes and multifunctional landscape commons without professional guidance and consultancy. This means the horizontal coordination among farmers, that is, the territorial competences, decrease.     

Discussion of papers

This paper describes a bridge condition assessment model that is based upon the simplification of a computational technique called resolution identity of fuzzy sets. The proposed model utilizes a fuzzy weighted average to combine fuzzy bridge condition ratings. The procedure is based on the decomposition of fuzzy sets into non-fuzzy level-sets or intervals. The utility and effectiveness of this procedure are illustrated with an example of the bridge condition assessment problem.     

文化要素与内涵在旅游度假景区规划设计中的延展与表现——以句容“曼地茅山”国际旅游度假景区规划为例

文化要素与文化内涵是旅游度假景区规划中需要重点关注的设计要素。本文试图通过句容“曼地茅山”国际旅游度假景区规划这一案例,从“文化探源、内涵表现、要素延展”等层面,探讨如何合理有效利用旅游度假景区的文化要素及其相关信息,并在此基础上有效组织与整合景区内的文化景观与生态景观资源,从而构建功能合理、景观优美、交通流畅、文化脉络清晰的旅游度假景区,借此最终达到景区及其周边区域整体机能良性发展的目标。     

Compression and extension yield of an anisotropically consolidated soil

A series of undrained and drained triaxial tests were conducted to investigate the yielding behavior of anisotropically consolidated reconstituted Shanghai clay under triaxial compression and extension loading conditions. The soil was consolidated with K of 0.5, where K is the ratio of cell pressure to axial pressure. The tests included drained constant η (=q/p′) loading tests and undrained and drained triaxial compression and extension shear tests on anisotropically consolidated specimens. It was found that the anisotropically consolidated Shanghai clay obeys Rendulic’s principle under compression loading, but not under extension loading, and that the yield surface inclined inside the state boundary surface under extension loading. Moreover, the pre-yield behavior and the post-yield behavior were found to be very different under these two loading conditions (compression and extension loading). The test results confirm the validity of the sloping elastic wall theory, and the influence of anisotropic parameter β on the shape of the yield curve in the p′?v plane was also studied in the paper. Constitutive modeling methods for anisotropic consolidated soils were also discussed based on the test results.     

戏曲艺术传承背景下的博物馆展示

本文以传承视角提出戏曲博物馆展示设计的延伸,促进与公众互动交流的长效机制。展示策略延伸从展示评估体系、空间场所、现代性伦理观、戏曲表演、拓展创意内容、建立虚拟博物馆等多方面,赋予戏曲博物馆动态博览属性以更加饱满和丰富的文化内涵。     

浅谈改扩建工程项目中的建筑与结构设计--以福州源脉温泉园为例

本文主要以福州源脉温泉园的建设为例,就改扩建工程项目中的建筑结构设计的思路要设计要点做了一些探讨和分析。     

数字图像相关法测定岩石Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹应力强度因子

提出了一种通过数字图像相关方法测定岩石Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹尖端位置和应力强度因子的试验方法。试验通过数字图像相关方法测定裂纹尖端区域位移场数据,将位移场数据带入极坐标系下位移场方程,计算裂纹尖端位置和应力强度因子。试验结果表明：采用该方法可以准确的测定岩石Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹应力强度因子、裂纹尖端位置及裂纹扩展长度,解决了以往研究方法因不能准确测定裂纹尖端位置和扩展方向,而无法准确测定岩石应力强度因子的难题。